Sarcoma

Sarcoma of soft parts – extensive group of the malignant new growths occurring from primitive embryonic mesoderm (an average germinal leaf). Primary mesenchyma, a part of mesoderm, gives rise to various variants of the connecting fabric which are a part of sinews, bands, muscles, etc. From them and formation of a sarcoma is possible. However some sarcomas have ectodermal and epithelial origin, characteristic for a cancer.

The majority of cases of a sarcoma arises spontaneously, i.e. without the visible reasons, however to risk factors of the given disease carry chemical carcinogens, an ionizing radiation, a burden heredity.

The sarcoma of soft parts can meet at any age, but meets at people white color of a skin after 40 years (middle age ill - 50 years) more often. Other essential laws it is not revealed.

The sarcoma of soft parts meets reasonably seldom, frequency about 1 case on 1 million person in a year or about 6000 cases in a year in absolute expression among all population of the Earth. Death rate from a sarcoma rather high: about half of the patients who have ill a sarcoma, dies.

The most frequent place of development of a sarcoma – the bottom finitenesses. The above, the less often sarcoma is. If on the bottom finitenesses the sarcoma meets approximately in 40 % of cases, in the field of a head and a neck only in 5 %.

Besides usual characteristics of a tumor (the histological structure, the size, availability of the nearest and remote metastasizes) can be divided sarcomas on a degree malignity:

* the Low degree of malignity. Here carry such characteristics of a sarcoma, as a high differentiation of cells and small mitotic their activity, small quantity of actually tumoral cells and a plenty stromas in a sarcoma, small quantity of vessels and a small number of the centers necrosis.
* the High degree of malignity. Here carry opposite characteristics of a sarcoma, as a high differentiation of cells and small mitotic their activity, small quantity of actually tumoral cells and a plenty stromas in a sarcoma, small quantity of vessels and a small number of the centers necrosis.

On a degree of malignity define the forecast of disease, so also probability of success of treatment.

Examples of sarcomas of soft parts are:

* alveolar sarcoma of soft parts;
* angiosarcoma;
* malignant perithelial endothelioma;
* malignant mesenchymoma;
* malignant fibrous histiocytoma;
* malignant neurilemmoma;
* leiomyosarcoma;
* lipoblastoma;
* rhabdomyoblastoma;
* synovial sarcoma;
* fibrosarcoma;
* epithelioid sarcoma.

Usually the sarcoma is characterized by slow growth and painlessness during enough long time, therefore revealing is long an existing and causeless swelling (palpated formation on finitenesses, in a stomach and other parts of a body) should guard and force is urgent to address to the doctor for specification of the diagnosis. The most frequent metastasises of a sarcoma are observed in lungs, less often – in regional lymph nodes.

Diagnostics of a sarcoma is spent by survey by the expert, application of means of medical visualization, biopsy with the subsequent research of a fabric of a tumor and some other additional methods.

From all means of medical visualization (ultrasonic research, a x-ray computer tomography, a magnetic resonance tomography) consider as the most informative MRT though in each specific case the choice of a method of diagnostics should be spent individually.

Tumors biopsy can be excisional (through a cut), and also paracentetic. Opened (excisional) biopsy has advantage in case of the specified specification of already available plan of treatment.

Treatment of a sarcoma of soft fabrics mainly surgical. If radical operation is impossible, as additional methods the chemotherapy and-or beam therapy of a sarcoma are used. Unfortunately, their efficiency while is low, and in case of a tracking down of metastasises the probability of treatment endeavors to zero.

To the factors improving the forecast of disease, carry time of doubling of a tumor more than 20 days, an recurrence-free interval more than year, quantity of units less than 4. Radical removal of a tumor and metastasises in lungs is capable to give 5-years survival rate approximately 20 % to patients. The basic problem remains recurring diseases. The lowest risk of relapse – for tumors of the bottom finitenesses (less than 25 %), the highest – for extraperitoneal spaces (about 75 %).

To the factors improving survival rate, carry: age less than 50 years; a low degree malignity sarcomas; a pain in the field of a tumor; the small sizes of a tumor and its arrangement on finitenesses; absence of metastasises.