Arterial hypertensia and atherosclerosis

The atherosclerosis is a scourge of 20-th century. One of factors of its progress is the arterial hypertensia. At an atherosclerosis infringement of balance of lipids in blood that is shown in increase of a level of lipoproteins low density and lowering of a level of lipoproteins high density is marked. It leads to formation on walls of vessels so-called atheromatous plaque which will consist of some salts of calcium, fibres of fibrin and cholesterol. And it, in turn, conducts to narrowing a gleam of vessels, and most seriously it concerns to vessels of heart (coronary arteries) as causes an ischemic heart disease and a heart attack of a myocardium, and to vessels of a brain that is shown in the form of infringements of blood circulation of a brain and insults.

Displays of an atherosclerosis

The atherosclerosis usually externally is not shown in any way until narrowing of vessels will not reach that degree when blood circulation in bodies and fabrics is broken seriously. For example, it can be a pain behind a brest, connected with physical activity, and sometimes and in rest, a pain in finitenesses which also are connected with narrowing arteries.

Heart attack of a myocardium

The heart attack of a myocardium is a condition at which in a cardiac musle – a myocardium – there is a sharp infringement of blood circulation as a result of full corking a gleam of one of coronary arteries atheromatous plaque or a blood clot (that happens less often). At absence of blood circulation during certain time in a fabric of a myocardium comes necrosis which already happens irreversible. In the subsequent this necrosis is replaced with a cicatricial tela.

Diagnostics of an atherosclerosis

Usually the atherosclerosis comes to light only when the conditions caused by it are marked: a stenocardia, a heart attack of a myocardium, an insult, infringements of blood circulation in finitenesses. Diagnostics of an atherosclerosis is based on following methods of research:

* The electrocardiogram. It is a method based on registration of electric activity of heart. As we already spoke, in heart there is a spending system on which passes an electric impulse from unit where it is formed up to other muscles. These potentials reflect work of heart. At the certain pathology, on an electrocardiogram those or other attributes are marked. It especially concerns anisorhythmia, the ischemic phenomena which are characteristic for a heart attack of a myocardium.
* The bicycle ergometry. This method also is based on an electrocardiogram, but carried out under the certain load when the patient receives physical activity on a velosimulator. Owing to such load the demand of heart for blood supply amplifies, and there is visible an availability of infringements of a blood-groove in heart.
* The coronary arteriography. It is radiological methods of diagnostics at which into coronary vessels it is entered thin long catheter which usually enter through a humeral or femoral artery. After achievement by catheter coronary arteries, in them it is entered opaque medium. After that the x-ray picture which helps to reveal sites of narrowing of arteries atheromatous plaque is done.
* The echocardiography (ultrasonic of heart). This method allows to reveal structural variations from heart, for example, a thickening of ventricular walls, that speaks about their hypertrophy. It is one of signs of an arterial hypertensia.
* The computer tomography. It is a radiological method which allows to receive level-by-level cuts of fabrics of heart.
* The magnetic resonance imaging procedure. The given method also allows to receive level-by-level cuts of fabrics, and especially vessels as it is very sensitive. It not a x-ray method in which electromagnetic waves in strong by a magnet a field are applied.

Treatment of an atherosclerosis

Treatment of an atherosclerosis includes, first of all, variation of a diet, physical exercises, as well as preparations for reduction of a level of cholesterol in blood. To surgical methods concern first of all balloon angioplasty when into a gleam narrowed plaque a vessel it is entered thin long catheter with inflated cartridge on the end then the gleam of an artery extends, and stent when in a gleam of an artery it is established so-called stent, playing a part of a skeleton for a vessel. In some cases other interventions, for example, shunting are spent also.